Blog
Diabetic Coma
Covenant Metabolic Specialists Health Library
Covenant Metabolic Specialists
Physician Reviewed
Dec 3, 2025
A diabetic coma is a life-threatening complication of diabetes that causes unconsciousness. It can result from dangerously high or low blood sugar and requires emergency intervention.
What is Diabetic Coma?
A diabetic coma occurs when blood glucose levels are either severely elevated (hyperglycemia) or dangerously low (hypoglycemia), impairing brain function. Without rapid treatment, it can result in brain damage or death.
Symptoms
Confusion or irritability
Rapid breathing or heartbeat
Fruity-smelling breath (ketoacidosis)
Dry mouth or extreme thirst
Fatigue or weakness
Seizures
Loss of consciousness
Causes
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): Common in type 1
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS): Seen in type 2
Severe hypoglycemia: From insulin or missed meals
Risk Factors
Poorly managed diabetes
Missed insulin or meds
Infection or illness
Excessive alcohol or exercise without food
Eating disorders
Diagnosis
Blood glucose test
Ketone levels
Electrolyte panel
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Urinalysis
Treatments
IV fluids
Insulin or glucose (depending on cause)
Electrolyte replacement
Oxygen, monitoring, and ICU care
Prevention
Monitor glucose regularly
Stick to insulin and medication regimens
Know early warning signs
Avoid fasting or skipping meals
Our Take
A diabetic coma is terrifying, but it’s almost always preventable. Our goal at Covenant is to never let you get to that point. With consistent monitoring and support, we catch the crash before it comes.
If you are at risk for a diabetic coma, it may be a symptom of metabolic syndrome, we can help! Schedule an appointment with us today!
